Awọn ipele oogun oogun

Awọn ipele oogun oogun jẹ awọn idanwo lab lati wa iye ti oogun kan ninu ẹjẹ.

A nilo ayẹwo ẹjẹ. Pupọ julọ akoko naa ni a fa ẹjẹ lati iṣan ti o wa ni inu ti igunpa tabi ẹhin ọwọ.

Iwọ yoo nilo lati mura fun diẹ ninu awọn idanwo ipele oogun.

• Olupese ilera rẹ yoo sọ fun ọ ti o ba nilo lati yi awọn akoko ti o mu eyikeyi awọn oogun rẹ pada.
• MAA ṢE duro tabi yi awọn oogun rẹ pada laisi sọrọ si olupese rẹ akọkọ.

O le ni rilara irora diẹ tabi ta nigbati wọn ba fi abẹrẹ sii. O tun le ni itara diẹ ninu ikọlu ni aaye lẹhin ti ẹjẹ ti fa.

Pẹlu ọpọlọpọ awọn oogun, o nilo ipele kan ti oogun ninu ẹjẹ rẹ lati ni ipa to dara. Diẹ ninu awọn oogun jẹ ipalara ti ipele ba ga ju ati pe ko ṣiṣẹ ti awọn ipele ba kere ju.

Mimojuto iye ti oogun ti a rii ninu ẹjẹ rẹ n gba olupese rẹ laaye lati rii daju pe awọn ipele oogun wa ni ibiti o yẹ.

Idanwo ipele oogun jẹ pataki ninu awọn eniyan ti o mu awọn oogun bii:

• Flecainide, procainamide tabi digoxin, eyiti a lo lati ṣe itọju lilu lilu ti ọkan
• Lithium, lo lati ṣe itọju ailera bipolar
• Phenytoin tabi acid valproic, eyiti a lo lati tọju awọn ijagba
• Gentamicin tabi amikacin, eyiti o jẹ oogun aporo ti a lo lati tọju awọn akoran

Idanwo le tun ṣee ṣe lati pinnu bi ara rẹ ṣe fọ lulú oogun naa tabi bii o ṣe nbaṣepọ pẹlu awọn oogun miiran ti o nilo.

Atẹle ni diẹ ninu awọn oogun ti a ṣayẹwo nigbagbogbo ati awọn ipele afojusun deede:

• Acetaminophen: yatọ pẹlu lilo
• Amikacin: 15 si 25 mcg / mL (25.62 si 42.70 micromol / L)
• Amitriptyline: 120 si 150 ng / milimita (432.60 si 540.75 nmol / L)
• Carbamazepine: 5 si 12 mcg / mL (21.16 si 50.80 micromol / L)
• Cyclosporine: 100 si 400 ng / milimita (83.20 si 332.80 nmol / L) (wakati 12 lẹhin iwọn lilo)
• Desipramine: 150 si 300 ng / milimita (563.10 si 1126.20 nmol / L)
• Digoxin: 0.8 si 2.0 ng / milimita (1.02 si 2.56 nanomol / L)
• Disopyramide: 2 si 5 mcg / milimita (5.89 si 14.73 micromol / L)
• Ethosuximide: 40 si 100 mcg / milimita (283.36 si 708.40 micromol / L)
• Flecainide: 0.2 si 1.0 mcg / mL (0.5 si 2.4 micromol / L)
• Gentamicin: 5 si 10 mcg / mL (10.45 si 20.90 micromol / L)
• Imipramine: 150 si 300 ng / milimita (534.90 si 1069.80 nmol / L)
• Kanamycin: 20 si 25 mcg / mL (41.60 si 52.00 micromol / L)
• Lidocaine: 1.5 si 5.0 mcg / mL (6.40 si 21.34 micromol / L)
• Litiumu: 0.8 si 1.2 mEq / L (0.8 si 1.2 mmol / L)
• Methotrexate: yatọ pẹlu lilo
• Nortriptyline: 50 si 150 ng / milimita (189.85 si 569.55 nmol / L)
• Phenobarbital: 10 si 30 mcg / mL (43.10 si 129.30 micromol / L)
• Phenytoin: 10 si 20 mcg / milimita (39.68 si 79.36 micromol / L)
• Primidone: 5 si 12 mcg / mL (22.91 si 54.98 micromol / L)
• Procainamide: 4 si 10 mcg / mL (17.00 si 42.50 micromol / L)
• Quinidine: 2 si 5 mcg / mL (6.16 si 15.41 micromol / L)
• Salicylate: yatọ pẹlu lilo
• Sirolimus: 4 si 20 ng / milimita (4 si 22 nmol / L) (Awọn wakati 12 lẹhin iwọn lilo; yatọ pẹlu lilo)
• Tacrolimus: 5 si 15 ng / milimita (4 si 25 nmol / L) (Awọn wakati 12 lẹhin iwọn lilo)
• Theophylline: 10 si 20 mcg / milimita (55.50 si 111.00 micromol / L)
• Tobramycin: 5 si 10 mcg / mL (10.69 si 21.39 micromol / L)
• Valproic acid: 50 si 100 mcg / milimita (346.70 si 693.40 micromol / L)

Awọn sakani iye deede le yatọ diẹ laarin awọn kaarun oriṣiriṣi. Sọ pẹlu olupese rẹ nipa itumọ awọn abajade idanwo rẹ pato.

Awọn apẹẹrẹ ti o wa loke fihan awọn wiwọn ti o wọpọ fun awọn abajade fun awọn idanwo wọnyi. Diẹ ninu awọn kaarun lo awọn wiwọn oriṣiriṣi tabi o le ṣe idanwo awọn apẹẹrẹ oriṣiriṣi.

Awọn iye ni ita ibiti o fojusi le jẹ nitori awọn ayipada kekere tabi jẹ ami ti o nilo lati ṣatunṣe awọn iwọn lilo rẹ. Olupese rẹ le sọ fun ọ lati foju iwọn lilo kan ti awọn iye ti wọn wọn ba ga ju.

Atẹle ni awọn ipele majele fun diẹ ninu awọn oogun ti a ṣayẹwo nigbagbogbo:

• Acetaminophen: tobi ju 250 mcg / milimita (1653.50 micromol / L)
• Amikacin: tobi ju 25 mcg / mL (42.70 micromol / L)
• Amitriptyline: tobi ju 500 ng / milimita (1802.50 nmol / L)
• Carbamazepine: tobi ju 12 mcg / milimita (50.80 micromol / L)
• Cyclosporine: tobi ju 400 ng / milimita (332.80 micromol / L)
• Desipramine: tobi ju 500 ng / milimita (1877.00 nmol / L)
• Digoxin: tobi ju 2.4 ng / milimita (3.07 nmol / L)
• Disopyramide: tobi ju 5 mcg / milimita (14.73 micromol / L)
• Ethosuximide: tobi ju 100 mcg / mL (708.40 micromol / L)
• Flecainide: tobi ju 1.0 mcg / milimita (2.4 micromol / L)
• Gentamicin: tobi ju 12 mcg / milimita (25.08 micromol / L)
• Imipramine: tobi ju 500 ng / milimita (1783.00 nmol / L)
• Kanamycin: tobi ju 35 mcg / mL (72.80 micromol / L)
• Lidocaine: tobi ju 5 mcg / mL (21.34 micromol / L)
• Lithium: tobi ju 2.0 mEq / L (2.00 millimol / L)
• Methotrexate: tobi ju 10 mcmol / L (10,000 nmol / L) lori awọn wakati 24
• Nortriptyline: tobi ju 500 ng / milimita (1898.50 nmol / L)
• Phenobarbital: tobi ju 40 mcg / mL (172.40 micromol / L)
• Phenytoin: tobi ju 30 mcg / mL (119.04 micromol / L)
• Primidone: tobi ju 15 mcg / mL (68.73 micromol / L)
• Procainamide: tobi ju 16 mcg / mL (68.00 micromol / L)
• Quinidine: tobi ju 10 mcg / mL (30.82 micromol / L)
• Salicylate: tobi ju 300 mcg / mL (2172.00 micromol / L)
• Theophylline: tobi ju 20 mcg / milimita (111.00 micromol / L)
• Tobramycin: tobi ju 12 mcg / milimita (25.67 micromol / L)
• Valproic acid: tobi ju 100 mcg / milimita (693.40 micromol / L)

Mimojuto oogun itọju ailera

• Idanwo ẹjẹ

Clarke W. Akopọ ti ibojuwo oogun itọju. Ni: Clarke W, Dasgupta A, awọn eds. Awọn italaya Ile-iwosan ni Abojuto Oogun Oogun. Cambridge, MA: Elsevier; 2016: ori 1.

Diasio RB. Awọn ilana ti itọju oogun. Ni: Goldman L, Schafer AI, awọn eds. Oogun Goldman-Cecil. 25th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: ori 29.

Nelson LS, Ford MD. Majele nla. Ni: Goldman L, Schafer AI, awọn eds. Oogun Goldman-Cecil. 25th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: ori 110.

Pincus MR, Bluth MH, Abraham NZ. Toxicology ati abojuto abojuto oogun itọju. Ni: McPherson RA, Pincus MR, awọn eds. Henry's Clinical Diagnosis and Management nipasẹ Awọn ọna yàrá. 23rd atunṣe. St Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2017: ori 23.