Idanwo HIV

Akoonu

• Kini idanwo HIV?
• Kini o ti lo fun?
• Kini idi ti Mo nilo idanwo HIV?
• Kini yoo ṣẹlẹ lakoko idanwo HIV?
• Ṣe Mo nilo lati ṣe ohunkohun lati mura fun idanwo naa?
• Ṣe eyikeyi awọn eewu si idanwo naa?
• Kini awọn abajade tumọ si?
• Awọn itọkasi

Kini idanwo HIV?

Idanwo HIV kan fihan boya o ni arun HIV (ọlọjẹ aipe aarun eniyan). HIV jẹ ọlọjẹ kan ti o kọlu ati iparun awọn sẹẹli ninu eto alaabo. Awọn sẹẹli wọnyi daabobo ara rẹ lodi si awọn kokoro ti o nfa arun, gẹgẹbi awọn kokoro ati awọn ọlọjẹ. Ti o ba padanu ọpọlọpọ awọn sẹẹli alaabo, ara rẹ yoo ni wahala lati ja awọn akoran ati awọn aarun miiran.

Awọn oriṣi akọkọ mẹta ti awọn ayẹwo HIV:

• Idanwo Agbologbo. Idanwo yii n wa awọn egboogi-ara HIV ninu ẹjẹ rẹ tabi itọ. Eto aarun ara rẹ ṣe awọn egboogi nigbati o ba farahan si kokoro arun tabi awọn ọlọjẹ, bii HIV. Idanwo alatako HIV le pinnu boya o ni HIV lati ọsẹ mẹta si mẹta mẹta 3 lẹhin ikolu. Iyẹn nitori pe o le gba awọn ọsẹ diẹ tabi to gun fun eto rẹ lati ṣe awọn egboogi si HIV. O le ni anfani lati ṣe idanwo alatako HIV ni ikọkọ ti ile rẹ. Beere lọwọ olupese ilera rẹ nipa awọn ohun elo idanwo HIV ni ile.
• HIV Antibody / Antigen Idanwo. Idanwo yii n wa awọn egboogi-ara HIV ati antigens ninu ẹjẹ. Antigen jẹ apakan ti ọlọjẹ kan ti o fa idahun ajesara. Ti o ba ti farahan si HIV, awọn antigens yoo han ninu ẹjẹ rẹ ṣaaju ki awọn alatako HIV ṣe. Idanwo yii le nigbagbogbo rii HIV laarin awọn ọsẹ 2-6 ti ikolu. Idanwo HIV / antigen HIV jẹ ọkan ninu awọn oriṣi ti o wọpọ julọ ti awọn ayẹwo HIV.
• HIV Gbogun Fifuye. Idanwo yii ṣe iwọn iye ọlọjẹ HIV ninu ẹjẹ. O le wa HIV yarayara ju agboguntaisan ati awọn idanwo agboguntaisan / antigen, ṣugbọn o gbowolori pupọ. O ti lo julọ fun ibojuwo awọn akoran HIV.

Awọn orukọ miiran: Awọn idanwo alatako HIV / antigen, HIV-1 ati agboguntaisan HIV-2 ati igbelewọn antigen, idanwo HIV, idanwo alatako ọlọjẹ ọlọjẹ eniyan, iru 1, HIV p24 antigen test

Kini o ti lo fun?

Ayẹwo HIV ni a lo lati wa boya o ti ni arun HIV. HIV jẹ ọlọjẹ ti o fa Arun Kogboogun Eedi (ti a gba aarun ailera). Ọpọlọpọ eniyan ti o ni HIV ko ni Arun Kogboogun Eedi. Awọn eniyan ti o ni Arun Kogboogun Eedi ni nọmba ti o kere pupọ julọ ti awọn sẹẹli alaabo ati pe o wa ni eewu fun awọn aisan ti o ni idẹruba ẹmi, pẹlu awọn akoran ti o lewu, oriṣi eefin ti o nira, ati awọn aarun kan, pẹlu Kaposi sarcoma.

Ti a ba rii HIV ni kutukutu, o le gba awọn oogun lati daabo bo eto rẹ. Awọn oogun HIV le ṣe idiwọ fun ọ lati ni Arun Kogboogun Eedi.

Kini idi ti Mo nilo idanwo HIV?

Awọn Ile-iṣẹ fun Iṣakoso ati Idena Arun (CDC) ṣe iṣeduro pe gbogbo eniyan laarin awọn ọjọ-ori 13 ati 64 ni idanwo HIV fun o kere ju lẹẹkan bi apakan ti itọju ilera deede. O tun le nilo idanwo HIV ti o ba wa ni eewu ti o ga julọ fun ikolu. Arun HIV ni tan kaakiri nipasẹ ibasọrọ ati ẹjẹ, nitorinaa o le wa ni eewu ti o ga julọ fun HIV ti o ba:

• Ṣe ọkunrin kan ti o ti ni ibalopọ pẹlu ọkunrin miiran
• Ti ni ibalopọ pẹlu alabaṣiṣẹpọ ti o ni akoran HIV
• Ti ni awọn alabaṣepọ ibalopo lọpọlọpọ
• Ni awọn oogun abẹrẹ, gẹgẹbi heroin, tabi pin awọn abere oogun pẹlu ẹlomiran

HIV le tan lati iya si ọmọ nigba ibimọ ati nipasẹ wara ọmu, nitorinaa ti o ba loyun dokita rẹ le paṣẹ idanwo HIV. Awọn oogun wa ti o le mu lakoko oyun ati ifijiṣẹ lati dinku eewu rẹ ti itankale arun na si ọmọ rẹ.

Kini yoo ṣẹlẹ lakoko idanwo HIV?

Iwọ yoo gba idanwo ẹjẹ ninu yàrá kan, tabi ṣe idanwo tirẹ ni ile.

Fun idanwo ẹjẹ ni lab kan:

• Onimọṣẹ ilera kan yoo mu ayẹwo ẹjẹ lati iṣọn kan ni apa rẹ, ni lilo abẹrẹ kekere kan. Lẹhin ti a fi sii abẹrẹ, iye ẹjẹ kekere yoo gba sinu tube idanwo tabi igo kan. O le ni irọra diẹ nigbati abẹrẹ ba wọ inu tabi jade. Eyi maa n gba to iṣẹju marun.

Fun ni idanwo ile, iwọ yoo nilo lati gba ayẹwo itọ lati ẹnu rẹ tabi ju ẹjẹ silẹ lati ika ọwọ rẹ.

• Ohun elo idanwo yoo pese awọn itọnisọna lori bii o ṣe le gba ayẹwo rẹ, ṣajọ rẹ, ki o firanṣẹ si lab.
  • Fun idanwo itọ kan, iwọ yoo lo ọpa-bi spatula pataki lati mu swab lati ẹnu rẹ.
  • Fun idanwo ẹjẹ agboguntaisan ika ọwọ, iwọ yoo lo irinṣẹ pataki kan lati tẹ ika rẹ ki o gba apẹẹrẹ ẹjẹ kan.

Fun alaye diẹ sii lori idanwo ile, ba olupese ilera rẹ sọrọ.

Ṣe Mo nilo lati ṣe ohunkohun lati mura fun idanwo naa?

O ko nilo awọn ipese pataki eyikeyi fun idanwo HIV. Ṣugbọn o yẹ ki o ba onimọran sọrọ ṣaaju ati / tabi lẹhin idanwo rẹ ki o le ni oye daradara kini awọn abajade tumọ si ati awọn aṣayan itọju rẹ ti o ba ni ayẹwo pẹlu HIV.

Ṣe eyikeyi awọn eewu si idanwo naa?

Ewu pupọ si wa lati ni idanwo ayẹwo HIV. Ti o ba gba idanwo ẹjẹ lati inu yàrá kan, o le ni irora diẹ tabi fifun ni aaye ti a ti fi abẹrẹ sii, ṣugbọn ọpọlọpọ awọn aami aisan lọ ni kiakia.

Kini awọn abajade tumọ si?

Ti abajade rẹ ba jẹ odi, o le tumọ si pe o ko ni HIV. Abajade odi le tun tumọ si pe o ni HIV ṣugbọn o ti pẹ ju lati sọ. O le gba awọn ọsẹ diẹ fun awọn egboogi-ara HIV ati awọn antigens lati farahan ninu ara rẹ. Ti abajade rẹ ko ba ni odi, olupese iṣẹ ilera rẹ le paṣẹ awọn idanwo HIV ni afikun ni ọjọ ti o tẹle.

Ti abajade rẹ ba jẹ rere, iwọ yoo gba idanwo atẹle lati jẹrisi idanimọ naa. Ti awọn idanwo mejeeji ba jẹ daadaa, o tumọ si pe o ni HIV. Ko tumọ si pe o ni Arun Kogboogun Eedi. Lakoko ti ko si iwosan fun HIV, awọn itọju to dara wa ni bayi ju ti iṣaaju lọ. Loni, awọn eniyan ti o ni kokoro HIV n gbe pẹ, pẹlu igbesi aye to dara julọ ju ti igbagbogbo lọ. Ti o ba n gbe pẹlu HIV, o ṣe pataki lati wo olupese ilera rẹ nigbagbogbo.

Kọ ẹkọ diẹ sii nipa awọn idanwo yàrá, awọn sakani itọkasi, ati oye awọn abajade.

Awọn itọkasi

1. AIDSinfo [Intanẹẹti]. Rockville (MD): Ẹka Ilera ti U.S. ati Awọn Iṣẹ Eda Eniyan; Iwoye HIV: Idanwo HIV [imudojuiwọn 2017 Dec 7; toka si 2017 Dec 7]; [nipa iboju 3]. Wa lati: https://aidsinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv-aids/fact-sheets/19/47/hiv-testing
2. AIDSinfo [Intanẹẹti]. Rockville (MD): Ẹka Ilera ti U.S. ati Awọn Iṣẹ Eda Eniyan; Idena HIV: Awọn ipilẹ ti Idena HIV [imudojuiwọn 2017 Dec 7; toka si 2017 Dec 7]; [nipa iboju 4]. Wa lati: https://aidsinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv-aids/fact-sheets/20/48/the-basics-of-hiv-prevention
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Alaye lori aaye yii ko yẹ ki o lo bi aropo fun itọju iṣoogun ọjọgbọn tabi imọran. Kan si olupese ilera kan ti o ba ni awọn ibeere nipa ilera rẹ.